MALIGNANT HYPERTHERMIA IN A 48-YEAR-OLD MALE PATIENT: CASE REPORT
Keywords:
malignant hyperthermia; dantrolene; general anesthesia; hypercapnia; metabolic acidosis; RYR1Abstract
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v8i16.0305
Abstract
Introduction: Malignant hyperthermia (MH) is a potentially lethal skeletal muscle pharmacogenetic disorder precipitated by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine in susceptible individuals. It is characterized by hypermetabolism, hypercapnia, rigidity, acidosis, and accelerated temperature elevation. Clinical case: A 48-year-old male, under general anesthesia, developed an abrupt increase in EtCO₂, tachycardia, generalized rigidity, and mixed acidosis 25 minutes after maintenance with volatile agents. The institutional protocol was activated: discontinuation of triggers, 100% oxygen, IV dantrolene in repeated boluses until control, active cooling, and fluid and electrolyte correction. Favorable outcome in the ICU. Review: The pathophysiology, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, therapeutic algorithm, and post-crisis care are summarized, with an emphasis on institutional preparedness. Conclusion: Early recognition and immediate administration of dantrolene, along with intensive support and pre-established protocols, significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: malignant hyperthermia; dantrolene; general anesthesia; hypercapnia; metabolic acidosis; RYR1.
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