Factores de riesgo emocionales en embarazadas en un Centro de Salud tipo C de Machala
Palabras clave:
Embarazo; Estado Emocional; Factores de RiesgoResumen
DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v9i17.0374
Resumen
Objetivo: Identificar los factores de riesgo emocionales presentes en mujeres embarazadas que asisten a un Centro de Salud Tipo C de Machala. Metodología: Se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo, no experimental, transversal correlacional, en una muestra de 120 mujeres gestantes que acudieron a controles prenatales. La recolección de datos se realizó mediante cuestionarios estructurados y revisión de registros clínicos. La información fue procesada en IBM SPSS Statistics versión 26, aplicando estadística descriptiva mediante frecuencias, porcentajes y medidas de tendencia central. Resultados: Predominaron las gestantes de 20 a 24 años con el 38,3 %, seguidas del grupo de 15 a 19 años con el 37,5 %. El 56,7 % presentó nivel educativo de bachillerato y el 39,2 % eran estudiantes. En los antecedentes gineco-obstétricos, el 52,5 % reportó embarazo no planificado, el 49,2 % antecedente de pérdida gestacional y el 44,2 % embarazo de alto riesgo. Respecto a los factores emocionales, el 62,5 % manifestó sentirse emocionalmente sobrecargada, el 59,2 % refirió tristeza o desánimo, el 59,2 % miedo intenso al parto y el 58,3 % indicó que las preocupaciones sobre el embarazo interferían con su vida diaria. Conclusión: Las gestantes presentaron factores de riesgo emocionales relevantes asociados con condiciones sociodemográficas, antecedentes obstétricos y percepción de vulnerabilidad emocional. Se recomienda fortalecer el tamizaje psicoemocional y las intervenciones de enfermería durante el control prenatal.
Palabras claves: Embarazo; Estado Emocional; Factores de Riesgo.
Abstract
Objective: To identify the emotional risk factors present in pregnant women attending a Type C Health Center in Machala. Methodology: A quantitative, analytical, prospective cohort study was conducted with a sample of 120 pregnant women attending prenatal care appointments. Data collection was carried out through structured questionnaires and review of clinical records. The information was processed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26, applying descriptive statistics through frequencies, percentages, and measures of central tendency. Results: Pregnant women aged 20 to 24 years predominated, representing 38.3%, followed by those aged 15 to 19 years, with 37.5%. A total of 56.7% had completed high school education, and 39.2% were students. Regarding gynecological and obstetric history, 52.5% reported an unplanned pregnancy, 49.2% had a history of pregnancy loss, and 44.2% had a high-risk pregnancy. Concerning emotional factors, 62.5% reported feeling emotionally overwhelmed, 59.2% reported sadness or discouragement, 59.2% expressed intense fear of childbirth, and 58.3% indicated that pregnancy-related worries interfered with their daily life. Conclusion: The pregnant women presented relevant emotional risk factors associated with sociodemographic conditions, obstetric history, and perceived emotional vulnerability. Strengthening psychoemotional screening and nursing interventions during prenatal care is recommended.
Keywords: Pregnancy; Affect; Risk Factors.
Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción: 09 de febrero de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 20 de abril de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 28 de mayo de 2026.
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