Perfil epidemiológico de las infecciones respiratorias intrahospitalarias. Hospital Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda. Ecuador.

Abstract

Introduction: It is known worldwide that intrahospital infections constitute a serious problem in public health, particularly when the majority of cases occur in the implementation of non-recommended strategies and general bad practices. General objective: to determine the epidemiological profile of intrahospital respiratory infections at the Dr. Verdi Cevallos Balda General Hospital. Method: A retrospective and cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out; the study period included the year 2019. The universe consisted of the 28 patients diagnosed with intrahospital respiratory infections registered in the Active Surveillance Subsystem of Health Associated Infections (IAAS). Data were collected from individual medical records through a data collection form according to the factors that make up the epidemiological chain: causal microorganism, susceptible host, and treatment received. Results: Staphylococcus aureus was the microorganism with the greatest repercussion (35.7%). In the characteristics of the susceptible host, age over 60 years (57.1%) predominated and in underlying diseases, diabetes mellitus (42.8%), sex was not relevant. Initial and final treatment, beta-lactams were the most widely used with 68% and 71.4% respectively, the application of a nasogastric tube (60.7%) and mechanical ventilation (39.2%) were the most representative risk factors. It was also evidenced that a stay longer than 15 days increased its incidence. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the epidemiological profile of intrahospital respiratory infections is determined by factors that had a direct influence on which should be influenced for their prevention.

Keywords: Hospital infections; Nosocomial infections; Respiratory system infections; Mechanical ventilation; Pneumonia.