Hemoperitoneo espontáneo por ruptura de endometrioma: un imitador de abdomen agudo ginecológico y quirúrgico

Autores/as

Palabras clave:

Endometriosis; Quistes ováricos; Hemoperitoneo; Abdomen agudo; Diagnóstico diferencial; Revisión bibliográfica

Resumen

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/gt.v9i18.0408

Resumen

Introducción: La ruptura espontánea de un endometrioma ovárico puede presentarse como abdomen agudo y simular otras urgencias ginecológicas y quirúrgicas. La salida de contenido hemático hacia la cavidad peritoneal puede originar irritación química, ascitis hemática o hemoperitoneo de cuantía variable; estas manifestaciones no son equivalentes en todos los casos. Objetivo: sintetizar las características clínicas, los hallazgos diagnósticos y las alternativas terapéuticas comunicadas en la literatura sobre ruptura de endometrioma. Métodos: revisión bibliográfica estructurada de PubMed, con tres estrategias reproducibles y publicaciones comprendidas entre el 1 de enero de 2010 y el 10 de octubre de 2026; búsqueda ejecutada el 10 de octubre de 2026. Se deduplicó por PMID y se efectuó cribado asistido de títulos y resúmenes con matriz auditable. Resultados: se recuperaron 96 registros; 17 entradas repetidas fueron eliminadas y 79 referencias únicas se cribaron. Se excluyeron preliminarmente 52 y 27 se priorizaron para verificación a texto completo. Entre las investigaciones relevantes se identificaron diferencias radiológicas entre endometriomas y quistes funcionales rotos, elevación de marcadores inflamatorios y CA-125, y series quirúrgicas que abordan recurrencia y fertilidad. Conclusiones: la ruptura de endometrioma debe considerarse ante dolor pélvico súbito, líquido libre y masa anexial, sin desplazar la exclusión prioritaria de embarazo ectópico, torsión y hemorragia activa. Se requieren validación humana de elegibilidad y evaluación formal de calidad antes de comunicar un número definitivo de estudios incluidos.

Palabras claves: Endometriosis; Quistes ováricos; Hemoperitoneo; Abdomen agudo; Diagnóstico diferencial; Revisión bibliográfica.

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous rupture of an ovarian endometrioma may present as an acute abdomen and mimic gynecological or general surgical emergencies. Leakage of endometrioma contents can cause chemical peritonitis, blood-stained ascites, or variable-volume hemoperitoneum; these presentations should not be considered interchangeable. Objective: To synthesize clinical manifestations, diagnostic findings, and therapeutic approaches described in reports of ovarian endometrioma rupture. Methods: A structured PubMed literature search was performed on October 10, 2026, with the same date as the publication cutoff (earliest eligible publication: January 1, 2010). Records were deduplicated by PMID and titles and abstracts underwent assisted preliminary screening. Results: Three strategies yielded 96 records; after removing 17 duplicate entries, 79 unique citations were screened. Fifty-two were provisionally excluded and 27 were shortlisted for full-text eligibility verification. Key reports describe imaging differences from ruptured functional cysts, elevations of inflammatory and tumor markers, and surgical cohorts addressing recurrence and fertility. Conclusions: Ruptured endometrioma should remain in the differential diagnosis of sudden pelvic pain with an adnexal mass and free intraperitoneal fluid, while urgent exclusion of ectopic pregnancy, adnexal torsion, and uncontrolled bleeding remains essential. Final inclusion, independent verification, and quality appraisal are pending.

Keywords: Endometriosis; Ovarian cyst; Hemoperitoneum; Acute abdomen; Differential diagnosis; Literature review.

Información del manuscrito:
Fecha de recepción:
14 de julio de 2026.
Fecha de aceptación: 21 de septiembre de 2026.
Fecha de publicación: 29 de octubre de 2026.

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Citas

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Publicado

2026-10-29

Cómo citar

Rodas-Merchán, M. A., Pintado-Paltin, C. A., Albuja-Chalán, J. N., Pogo-Salguero, E. S., & Eras-Diaz, J. A. (2026). Hemoperitoneo espontáneo por ruptura de endometrioma: un imitador de abdomen agudo ginecológico y quirúrgico. Revista Científica Arbitrada En Investigaciones De La Salud GESTAR. ISSN: 2737-6273., 9(18), 460-471. Recuperado a partir de https://www.journalgestar.org/index.php/gestar/article/view/445